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Key properties

• Full coverage of the planet surface up to the poles and including the oceans based on locally measured colors.
• 100 percent cloud free.
• Based on Sentinel-3 and MODIS data from 2018-2023 for land areas and sea ice, Sentinel-3 water reflectance data for water areas, primarily from 2017-2023.
• 250m/300m resolution on both land and water, processed at 250m resolution.
• Depiction of the average vegetation maximum and snow/ice minimum appearance at any point on earth.
• Sea ice rendering showing either the typical summer extent or maximum ice free water.
• Available as linear surface reflectance values as well as tone mapped and either with shading as recorded, shading compensated or with customized relief shading.

Improvements of version 4

Compared to version 3 the version 4 mosaic offers the following improvements:

• Updated data basis for both land and water areas up to late 2023.
• Substantially widening the data basis, leading to a further reduction of noise levels in the final image. This in particular applies for the water depiction where the amount of data processed is about twice that of the previous version. In total more than 1 PB of satellite image data has been processed in the production of the Green Marble 4.
• Use of a 32 bit data format for reflectance values throughout the mosaicing process, which avoids accumulating rounding errors and ensures optimal quality in particular in dark areas.
• Various smaller improvement in the mosaicing process.

Product packaging

The Green Marble is produced in a spherical tiling scheme with different projections being used in different parts of the world for optimal quality everywhere.

The mosaic can be obtained in this original tiling but most users prefer a version in uniform equirectangular projection (EPSG:4326) because that is easier to handle. The default packaging of this is in 8 tiles each of a size of 43200×43200 pixel. This combines to a total mosaic size of 172800×86400 pixel. This tiling scheme is illustrated on the right.

Other variants like conversion into other projections or spatial subsets of the mosaic can be produced on request.

Sea ice rendering options

By default the Green Marble is available with a sea ice depiction in the polar regions showing an average summer ice extent from the years of source data coverage. Alternatively a mosaic variant can be provided that shows the maximum open water extent in the observation time span with only a minimum of sea ice. How these different variants look like in the polar regions can be seen below.

Tone mapping and shading options

The mosaic is produced and is available as linear surface reflectance. This can be rendered for display or print in different forms depending on the use case and individual style preferences. The standard tone mapping option offered is optimized for a well readable and appealing depiction of most of the earth surface in sRGB color space with a globally uniform mapping. For the Antarctic this tone mapping is not ideal and therefore a locally adjusted tone mapping option is used for rendering the Antarctic by default - with a smooth transit to the standard tone mapping further north. If a globally unified tone mapping is preferred that is available too of course.

The Green Marble is available with the original shading as recorded by the satellites. For Sentinel-3 this is a morning lighting, for the Antarctic the afternoon (west) illumination from the Aqua satellite is used. The mosaic is also available in a shading compensated version that is suitable for example to be used in production of 3d renderings or for combination with a custom relief shading.

Sample gallery

Demo map

Here is a demonstration map in web mercator projection based on the Green Marble mosaic